Indications
Zyloprim, also known by its generic name Allopurinol, is a prescription medication commonly used to treat gout attacks. It belongs to a class of drugs called xanthine oxidase inhibitors. It works by reducing the amount of uric acid produced in the body by inhibiting purine catabolism without disrupting the biosynthesis of purines.
Allopurinol can help prevent kidney stones and reduce swelling in the joints caused by gout. Zyloprim can work both to reduce the production of uric acid in the body and increase its excretion in the urine. This helps control elevated levels of uric acid in the blood and prevents further kidney damage.
Uses and Dosage
Zyloprim comes in tablet form and is usually taken once a day, as prescribed by a healthcare provider. To prevent an upset stomach, take Zyloprim after meals. You can drink plenty of fluids while taking the medication to stay hydrated. If the prescribed dose is more than 300 milligrams per day, patients may need to take several smaller doses throughout the day and should follow their doctor's instructions.
Allopurinol, also known as Zyloprim, is typically taken once a day or in divided doses throughout the day, depending on your body's uric acid levels. The maximum daily dose is 800 mg. The starting dose for each indication varies:
- For gout, the typical starting dose is 100 mg per day.
- For high uric acid in cancer, the starting dose is 600-800 mg per day for 2-3 days with plenty of fluids.
- For recurrent kidney stones, the starting dose is 200-300 mg per day.
Side Effect
Common Side Effects of Zyloprim (Allopurinol):
- Dizziness
- Eye irritation
- Headache
- More gout attacks
- Nausea
- Rash
- Stomach pain
- Vomiting
Serious Side Effects of Zyloprim (Allopurinol):
- Back pain
- Belly pain
- Big weight gain
- Blood in the urine
- Change in blood work
- Change in eyesight
- Change or loss in taste
- Chest pain or pressure
- Joint pain that is new or worse
- Muscle and joint pain
- Nerve pain
- Pain when passing urine
- Shortness of breath
- Swelling in the arms or legs
- Swollen gland
Form and Strength
Zyloprim (Allopurinol) is available in the following forms and strength:
Zyloprim: Tablet
- 200 mg
- 300 mg
Allopurinol: Tablet
- 100 mg
- 200 mg
- 300 mg
Caution
- Hypersensitivity reactions: Some individuals may develop a hypersensitivity reaction to Zyloprim. If any symptoms of hypersensitivity (such as rash, fever, or swollen lymph nodes) occur, a healthcare professional should be contacted immediately.
- Liver and kidney problems: Zyloprim can cause liver and kidney problems in some individuals. Individuals with liver or kidney disease should exercise caution when taking Zyloprim.
- Skin reactions: Zyloprim can cause skin reactions, including toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which can be life-threatening. These reactions can occur at any time during treatment and may be more likely to occur in individuals of Han Chinese or Thai descent.
- Interactions with other medications: Zyloprim may interact with certain medications, including blood thinners and diuretics. A healthcare professional should be informed of all other medications being taken before starting Zyloprim.
- Cardiovascular risks: Zyloprim may increase the risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attack or stroke, in some individuals. This risk may be higher in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Zyloprim may not be safe to take during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Consult with a healthcare professional before taking Zyloprim if pregnant or planning to become pregnant, or if currently breastfeeding.
- Pre-existing conditions: Individuals with certain pre-existing conditions, such as diabetes or hypertension, should use caution when taking Zyloprim.
- Surgery: Individuals who are scheduled for surgery should inform their healthcare professional that they are taking Zyloprim, as it may affect anesthesia.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What should I do if I miss a dose of Zyloprim?
If you miss a dose of Zyloprim, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
Can Zyloprim cure gout?
Zyloprim is not a cure for gout, but it can help manage symptoms and prevent gout attacks by lowering uric acid levels in the body.
Can Zyloprim be taken with other medications?
Zyloprim may interact with other medications, including blood thinners and diuretics. Be sure to inform a healthcare professional of all medications being taken before starting Zyloprim.
How long does it take for Zyloprim to work?
Zyloprim may take several weeks to start working to lower uric acid levels in the body. Continue taking the medication as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
Resources
- https://www.drugs.com/cdi/zyloprim.html
- https://www.goodrx.com/allopurinol/what-is
- https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/016084s044lbl.pdf
- https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11202/zyloprim-oral/details
- https://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Treatments/Allopurinol-Zyloprim-Aloprim
- https://www.empr.com/drug/zyloprim/
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