Indications
Sporanox (generically known as itraconazole) is a medication used to treat fungal infections caused by some types of fungi. It belongs to a class of drugs known as azole antifungals. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes.
Itraconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat a variety of fungal infections, including aspergillosis (fungal infection in the lungs), blastomycosis (Gilchrist's disease), histoplasmosis, and onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nail). The exact mechanism of action of Sporanox can vary depending on the type of fungal infection being treated.
Uses and Dosage
Sporanox is available in capsule form to be taken orally. Sporanox treatment where you take the medication twice daily for one week followed by three weeks where the medication is stopped. To ensure maximum absorption of the medication, Sporanox should be taken 2 hours before or 1 hour after antacids as these may decrease its absorption. Individuals with decreased or no stomach acid or those taking medication that decreases stomach acid should also take Sporanox with an acidic drink such as cola. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more detailed instructions before taking Sporanox.
The recommended dosages of Itraconazole can vary depending on the specific indication for which it is being used. Here are some examples of the dosages for different indications:
- For adults with fungal infections: A loading dose of 200 mg (2 capsules) three times a day for the first 3 days, followed by 200 mg (2 capsules) once daily. The maximum daily dose is 400 mg.
- For onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nail): 200 mg (2 capsules) once daily for 12 consecutive weeks.
- For histoplasmosis or blastomycosis: 200-400 mg (2-4 capsules) once or twice daily for at least 12 months.
However, the specific dosage and duration of treatment can vary based on factors such as age, weight, and underlying medical conditions, and should be determined by a healthcare provider. Follow the recommended dosages and complete the full course of treatment as prescribed.
Take Sporanox for the full course of treatment, even if symptoms have improved after a few days. Stopping the medication too early may result in a return of the fungal infection and can also increase the risk of developing antifungal resistance.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects of Sporanox (Itraconazole):
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting
Serious Side Effects of Sporanox (Itraconazole):
- Dark urine and pale stools
- Fatigue
- Feeling short of breath, even with mild exertion
- Fever
- Jaundice
- Numbness or tingly feeling
- Pain or burning when you urinate
- Problems with hearing
- Swelling, rapid weight gain
Form and Strength
Sporanox (Itraconazole) is available in the following forms and strengths:
Sporanox: Capsule
- 100mg
Itraconazole: Capsule
- 100mg
Caution
- Heart problems: Itraconazole may increase the risk of heart problems, especially in people with a history of heart disease or those who are taking certain medications. Inform your doctor if you have any heart problems before taking Sporanox.
- Liver problems: Sporanox can cause liver damage in some people, especially those with pre-existing liver problems. Your doctor may need to monitor your liver function while you are taking Sporanox.
- Kidney problems: Itraconazole may be excreted through the kidneys, so people with kidney problems may need dosage adjustments or monitoring while taking Sporanox.
- Allergic reactions: Allergic reactions to Sporanox are rare, but they can occur. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include rash, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
- Drug interactions: Sporanox can interact with other medications, including some blood thinners, heart medications, and certain antibiotics. Be sure to tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking before starting Sporanox.
- Hormone imbalances: Sporanox can affect the levels of certain hormones in the body, which may cause some side effects. Your doctor may monitor your hormone levels while you are taking Sporanox.
- Nervous system side effects: Itraconazole may cause nervous system side effects such as dizziness, headaches, or seizures.
- Gastrointestinal issues: Sporanox may cause gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Photosensitivity: Sporanox may cause an increase in sensitivity to sunlight, which may result in sunburn or other skin reactions.
- Difficulty swallowing capsules: Sporanox capsules should be taken with food, especially if you have difficulty swallowing capsules as they may cause irritation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How many times a day can you take Sporanox?
200 mg (two capsules) once a day. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 400 mg per day.
How long does itraconazole (Sporanox) stay in your system?
Itraconazole (Sporanox) starts to leave your body within 1 to 2 days after your last dose, but there can still be small amounts of it in your bloodstream for up to 14 days.
Can Sporanox be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Sporanox should not be used during pregnancy, as it can harm the developing fetus. It is also not recommended for use during breastfeeding, as it can pass into breast milk and harm the nursing infant.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Sporanox?
If you miss a dose of Sporanox, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
How should Sporanox be stored?
Sporanox should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. It should be kept out of the reach of children and pets.
Resources
- https://www.goodrx.com/sporanox/what-is
- https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/020083s061,020657s036lbl.pdf
- https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-197-2179/sporanox-oral/itraconazole-oral/details
- https://www.drugs.com/sporanox.html
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/itraconazole-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20071421?p=1
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