Indications
Glucophage (active ingredient: metformin) is a prescription medication indicated for:
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Glucophage is used to improve glycemic control in adults and children aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as an adjunct to diet and exercise.
Glucophage belongs to a class of drugs known as biguanides, which work by decreasing glucose production in the liver, increasing insulin sensitivity, and improving glucose uptake and utilization by the muscles, thereby helping to control blood sugar levels.
Uses and Dosage
Glucophage (metformin) is available in tablet form to be taken by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually 1-3 times a day with meals. Drink plenty of fluids while taking this medication, unless otherwise directed by your doctor. Additionally, your healthcare provider may need to adjust your dose of Glucophage and monitor your kidney function before and after any procedure requiring the use of a dye injected into your veins.
The recommended starting dose of Glucophage is 500 mg taken twice daily or 850 mg taken once daily with meals. The dose can be increased in increments of 500 mg weekly or 850 mg every 2 weeks, depending on glycemic control and tolerability, up to a maximum of 2550 mg per day. For doses above 2000 mg, it may be better tolerated if taken in 3 divided doses with meals.
Side Effect
Common Side Effects of Glucophage (Metformin):
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Metallic taste in the mouth
- Nausea
- Stomach pain
- Vomiting
- Weakness
Serious Side Effects of Glucophage (Metformin):
- A feeling of cold in your hands or feet
- Chest pain
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Dizziness
- Extreme weakness or fatigue
- Lightheadedness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Rash or hives
- Sleepiness or drowsiness
- Stomach pains
- Unusual muscle pain
Form and Strength
Glucophage (Metformin) is available in the following forms and strength:
Glucophage: Tablet
- 500 mg
- 850 mg
- 1000 mg
Metformin: Tablet
- 500 mg
- 850 mg
- 1000 mg
Caution
- Before using this antidiabetic agent, disclose your medical history, including any severe breathing problems, blood problems, kidney, and liver disease, to your physician. Also, discuss all prescription and nonprescription drugs, and supplements you are taking, as they may interact with the biguanide.
- Always watch out for an allergic reaction while on Glucophage (metformin). Do not use this oral medication if you have a known allergy to metformin or any of the inactive ingredients in each tablet. Signs of hypersensitivity reactions include swelling of the face and neck, skin rashes, severe dizziness, hives, and breathing problems. If you experience any of these symptoms, call for emergency medical help.
- When taking metformin, limit alcohol consumption. Drinking alcohol while on metformin can increase the risk of lactic acidosis and can cause low blood sugar levels. This is especially true if you are also taking certain other diabetes medications.
- Metformin can cause changes in the menstrual cycle (promote ovulation) and increase the risk of becoming pregnant. Use reliable forms of birth control when taking this medication.
- If you need to have any type of x-ray or CT scan using a dye that is injected into your veins, you may need to temporarily stop taking Glucophage (metformin). This is due to the risk of renal dysfunction in patients with renal impairment.
- During pregnancy, metformin should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor before taking any medication. Your doctor may direct you to use insulin instead of metformin during your pregnancy.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How is Glucophage taken?
Glucophage is usually taken two times a day with meals.
Can Glucophage be used in combination with other medications?
Yes, Glucophage can be used in combination with other medications, such as insulin, pioglitazone, or sulfonylureas.
What is the recommended starting dose of Glucophage?
The recommended starting dose of Glucophage is 500 mg taken twice daily or 850 mg taken once daily with meals.
How should I take Glucophage?
Glucophage should be taken with meals to reduce stomach upset. Do not crush, chew, or break an extended-release tablet. Swallow it whole.
Resources
- https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-2-diabetes/metformin-side-effects
- https://www.verywellhealth.com/metformin-how-to-prevent-side-effects-1087301#toc-side-effects
- https://www.rxlist.com/glucophage-drug.htm#description
- https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11294/glucophage-oral/details
- https://www.drugs.com/glucophage.html#side-effects
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