Indications
Cytoxan (active ingredient: cyclophosphamide) is a prescription medication indicated for the following:
- Treatment of Cancer: Cytoxan is used as a component of combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of various types of cancer, including lymphomas, leukemia, multiple myeloma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and certain types of lung and bladder cancer.
- Immune System Disorders: It is also indicated for the treatment of certain immune system disorders, including severe rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and other autoimmune diseases.
- Nephrotic Syndrome: Cytoxan is used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children and adults, including idiopathic cases and cases caused by systemic lupus erythematosus.
Cytoxan belongs to a class of drugs known as alkylating agents, which work by interfering with the growth and spread of cancer cells and by suppressing the abnormal immune response in autoimmune diseases.
Uses and Dosage
Cyclophosphamide should be taken orally in tablet form, preferably with a meal to avoid stomach upset. The tablet should be swallowed whole, and plenty of fluids should be consumed to pass urine frequently and reduce the risk of kidney or bladder problems. Splitting or crushing the tablet should be avoided, as this may cause the medication to be absorbed through the skin or lungs.
The recommended dose for oral cyclophosphamide tablets is 2 mg per kg of body weight per day for 8 to 12 weeks. This can be taken as a single or divided dose. For indications such as cancer, the dose may be higher and should be determined by a doctor.
Side Effects
Common Side Effects of Cyclophosphamide:
- A wound that will not heal
- Changes in nails
- Changes in skin color (darkening)
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Missed menstrual periods
- Nausea or vomiting (may be severe)
- Stomach pain or upset
- Temporary hair loss
Serious Side Effects of Cyclophosphamide:
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Joint pain
- Mouth sores
- Pink/bloody urine
- Unusual decrease in the amount of urine
- Unusual tiredness or weakness
Form and Strength
Cytoxan (Cyclophosphamide) is available in the following forms and strengths:
Cytoxan: Tablet
- 25 mg
- 50 mg
Cyclophosphamide: Tablet
- 50 mcg
Caution
- Before using Cytoxan, you should disclose your medical history to your physician, including any kidney, bladder, liver, and bone marrow problems. Discuss all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
- Before starting to use Cytoxan, make sure to inform your doctor and pharmacist about all the medications you are taking, including prescription and nonprescription drugs, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products.
- Be sure to mention any of the following: allopurinol (Zyloprim), cortisone acetate, doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Doxil), hydrocortisone (Cortef), or phenobarbital (Luminal Sodium).
- Before using Cytoxan, make sure to let your doctor know if you have ever received treatment with other chemotherapy medications or had any recent X-rays. Also, tell your doctor if you have or have ever had kidney or liver disease.
- Cyclophosphamide may interfere with normal menstrual cycles and sperm production, potentially leading to permanent infertility.
- Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should inform their doctors before taking this drug. Use a reliable form of birth control to prevent pregnancy and avoid planning to have children during or shortly after chemotherapy.
- If you are having any kind of surgery, including dental surgery, tell your doctor or dentist that you are taking cyclophosphamide. This is because cyclophosphamide may make you more sensitive to certain medications and procedures, and it may also increase your risk of bleeding during surgery.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can you take cyclophosphamide at night?
You may be given tablets of more than one strength to make the right dose. Take your dose early in the day (preferably no later than 3:00 pm). If you are taking one dose daily, take it at breakfast.
How does cyclophosphamide work?
Cyclophosphamide works by interfering with cell division, preventing cancer cells from dividing and multiplying. This helps to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells.
Is cyclophosphamide safe?
Cyclophosphamide is generally considered safe when taken as prescribed and monitored by your doctor. Be aware of the potential side effects and talk to your doctor about any concerns you may have.
What should I do if I miss a dose of cyclophosphamide?
If you miss a dose of cyclophosphamide, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double up on doses.
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